iv
 Contents

How to use this series
vi
How to use this book
vii
Unit ASpace, time and motion
1
1Kinematics
2
1.1Displacement, distance, speed and velocity
3
1.2Uniformly accelerated motion: the equations of kinematics
7
1.3Graphs of motion
16
1.4Projectile motion
20
2Forces and Newtonâs laws
29
2.1Forces and their direction
30
2.2Newtonâs laws of motion
39
2.3Circular motion
52
3Work, energy and power
61
3.1Work
62
3.2Conservation of energy
70
3.3Power and efficiency
78
3.4Energy transfers
80
4Linear momentum
84
4.1Newtonâs second law in terms of momentum
85
4.2Impulse and forceâtime graphs
87
4.3Conservation of momentum
90
4.4Kinetic energy and momentum
93

4.5Two-dimensional collisions
97
5Rigid body mechanics
102
5.1Kinematics of rotational motion
103
5.2Rotational equilibrium and Newtonâs second law
106
5.3Angular momentum
119

6Relativity
125

6.1Reference frames and Lorentz transformations
126
6.2Effects of relativity
134
6.3Spacetime diagrams
143
Unit BThe particulate nature of matter
155
7Thermal energy transfers
156
7.1Particles, temperature and energy
157
7.2Specific heat capacity and change of phase
161
7.3Thermal energy transfer
168
8The greenhouse effect
177
8.1Radiation from real bodies
178
8.2Energy balance of the earth
180
9The gas laws
188
9.1Moles, molar mass and the Avogadro constant
189
9.2Ideal gases
191
9.3The Boltzmann equation
199

10Thermodynamics
205

10.1Internal energy
206
10.2The first law of thermodynamics
211
10.3The second law of thermodynamics
218
10.4Heat engines
224
11Current and circuits
231
11.1Potential difference, current and resistance
232
11.2Voltage, power and emf
238
11.3Resistors in electrical circuits
241
11.4Terminal potential difference and the potential divider
254
v
Unit CWave behaviour
263
12Simple harmonic motion
264
12.1Simple harmonic oscillations
265

12.2Details of simple harmonic motion
273
12.3Energy in simple harmonic motion
279

12.4More about energy in SHM
281
13The wave model
286
13.1Mechanical pulses and waves
287
13.2Transverse and longitudinal waves
290
13.3Electromagnetic waves
298

13.4Waves extension
299
14Wave phenomena
301
14.1Reflection and refraction
302
14.2The principle of superposition
308
14.3Diffraction and interference
311

14.4Single-slit diffraction
318
14.5Multiple slits
322
15Standing waves and resonance
329
15.1Standing waves
330
15.2Standing waves on strings
331
15.3Standing waves in pipes
334
15.4Resonance and damping
340
16The Doppler effect
346
16.1The Doppler effect at low speeds
347

16.2The Doppler effect for sound
351
Unit DFields
357
17Gravitation
358
17.1Newtonâs law of gravitation
359

17.2Gravitational potential and energy
366
17.3Motion in a gravitational field
373
18Electric and magnetic fields
384
18.1Electric charge, force and field385
18.2Magnetic field and force
395

18.3Electric potential and electric potential energy
406
19Motion in electric and magnetic fields
416
19.1Motion in an electric field
417
19.2Motion in a magnetic field
421

20Electromagnetic induction
428

20.1Electromagnetic induction
429
20.2Generators and alternating current
443
Unit ENuclear and quantum physics
449
21Atomic physics
450
21.1The structure of the atom
451

21.2Quantisation of angular momentum
457
22Quantum physics
462
22.1Photons and the photoelectric effect
463
22.2Matter waves
473
23Nuclear physics
478
23.1Mass defect and binding energy
479
23.2Radioactivity
486

23.3Nuclear properties and the radioactive decay law
494
24Nuclear fission
506
24.1Nuclear fission
507
25Nuclear fusion and stars
514
25.1Nuclear fusion
515
25.2Stellar properties and the HertzsprungâRussell diagram
516
25.3Stellar evolution extension
523
Acknowledgements
551